VAT · 5 min read

Zero-rated or exempt? The difference that changes your input tax

A zero-rated invoice and an exempt invoice both show no VAT. To your customer they look the same. To your business they are very different, because only one of them lets you recover the VAT you paid on costs.

Stacked shipping containers and cranes at a port
Photo: Ali Mkumbwa on Unsplash

The core difference

Zero-rated supplies are taxable supplies charged at 0%. Because they are taxable, you can recover the input VAT you paid on the costs of making them.

Exempt supplies are outside the VAT charge altogether. You charge no VAT, and the input VAT on related costs generally cannot be recovered. It becomes a real cost to the business.

A worked comparison

Two businesses each spend AED 1,000,000 on standard-rated costs, paying AED 50,000 of VAT to suppliers.

AEDZero-rated businessExempt business
Costs before VAT1,000,0001,000,000
Input VAT paid at 5%50,00050,000
Input VAT recovered(50,000)0
Total cost to the business1,000,0001,050,000

Same invoices, same suppliers, AED 50,000 difference in cost. That is why getting the classification right matters.

A loaded container ship at the quay
Photo: Andy Li on Unsplash

Common zero-rated supplies

  • Exports of goods outside the GCC implementing states, with proof of export.
  • Certain services supplied to customers outside the UAE, where the conditions are met.
  • International transport of passengers and goods.
  • The first supply of a new residential building within three years of completion.
  • Qualifying education and healthcare services and related goods.
  • Investment precious metals, such as gold of 99% purity or more.

Common exempt supplies

  • Certain financial services, such as interest on loans and life insurance, where no explicit fee is charged.
  • Residential property after its first supply, both rent and sale.
  • Bare land.
  • Local passenger transport.
If you make both taxable and exempt supplies, your input VAT has to be split, and the split is reviewed every year.

Businesses with both

Many businesses make a mix: a property company with commercial and residential units, or a group with a finance company inside it. Input VAT that relates directly to taxable supplies is recoverable; input VAT that relates directly to exempt supplies is not. Shared costs, such as head-office rent and audit fees, are apportioned, usually based on the ratio of taxable to total supplies, with an annual adjustment. Getting the method wrong can mean over-claiming for years.

What to check in your business

  1. List every type of income and confirm whether it is standard-rated, zero-rated, exempt or out of scope.
  2. For each zero-rated supply, confirm you keep the evidence the law requires.
  3. If you have any exempt income, confirm input VAT is apportioned and the annual adjustment is done.
  4. Check that invoices and the VAT return show each category correctly.

For return-level checks, see getting your VAT return right the first time.

This article is general information based on UAE VAT law as published by the Federal Tax Authority. Conditions for zero-rating and exemption are detailed and change over time. It is not advice for your business. Ask Hassan to review how your supplies are treated.

Official source: Federal Tax Authority

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